The cultures in vitro are an essential tool for studying molecular and cellular mechanisms under controlled conditions outside the organism. However, two-dimensional (2D) models have limitations, as they do not reproduce the three-dimensional architecture, cellular interactions or functional properties characteristic of tissues in vivo. In this context, 3D bioprinting emerges as a complementary technology that makes it possible to generate three-dimensional structures more representative of the physiological environment, through the controlled deposition of bioinks composed of cells obtained in vitro and biomaterials. These constructs subsequently require culturing in vitro to achieve their maturation, structural organisation and biological functionality.

The integration of cell culture and 3D bioprinting technologies within a single unit provides an advanced platform for the development of in vitro physiologically relevant models. Applications of these models include biomedical research, preclinical drug evaluation, toxicity studies, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, contributing to the development of more accurate and predictive alternatives for studying diseases and validating new therapeutic strategies.

This year, the Unit has joined the FAB3D Interdisciplinary Thematic Platform of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), strengthening its technical and scientific capabilities. This membership provides access to advanced technology and shared resources, fosters training and professional development opportunities, and promotes collaboration within a multidisciplinary network made up of research centres, universities, companies and specialists in additive manufacturing and biofabrication.

Since 2015, the cell culture room has held authorisation from the Directorate-General for the Environment for confined use activities with low-risk organisms (Type II). The facility is also authorised to carry out transfections with plasmid vectors and transductions with replication-defective lentiviral vectors.

The mission of the Cell Culture and 3D Bioprinting Unit is to provide specialised technical and scientific support to the centre's research groups and to other public and private institutions. To this end, it offers advanced services, methodological advice and collaboration on research projects, promoting the development of innovative experimental models and advancing knowledge in the areas of biomedicine, bioengineering and regenerative medicine.