Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro has a long tradition of research in Immunology. As a pioneer in this specialty in Spain, its laboratories have produced many of the researchers and specialists who currently lead and develop the country's Immunology departments. The Immunology and Genetics Area currently comprises four groups and three lines of research: (A) Immunogenetics; (B) Antibody engineering; and (C) Mitochondrial diseases.

The Immunogenetics and Histocompatibility line of research is developed by an established group, led by Dr Carlos Vilches. Its interest focuses on polymorphic NK lymphocyte receptors in chronic viral infections, transplantation, inflammation and neoplasms. Dr Natalia Gómez Lozano (Miguel Servet programme) collaborates with this group, with an interest in inhibitory receptors and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.

The lines of Antibody Engineering and Immunotherapy and Tumour Microenvironment are developed in the Molecular Immunology group, led by Dr Laura Sanz Alcober.